Which laboratory findings are indicative of iron deficiency anemia?

The correct answer highlights laboratory findings that are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia, specifically the presence of microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells accompanied by low levels of hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

In iron deficiency anemia, the body lacks sufficient iron to produce normal hemoglobin, leading to the production of smaller (microcytic) and paler (hypochromic) red blood cells. The low hemoglobin and hematocrit values reflect the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to insufficient red blood cell mass. MCV and MCHC measurements further indicate the reduced size and decreased hemoglobin concentration in the red blood cells, which are classic signs of iron deficiency.

This set of laboratory findings provides a clear picture of the underlying deficiency, making option B the indicative answer for diagnosing iron deficiency anemia. The characteristics outlined in this choice effectively align with the pathophysiology of the condition, reinforcing its accuracy in identifying iron deficiency in a patient.