Which conditions can multiple marker screening help to detect?

Multiple marker screening, also known as maternal serum screening, is a test performed during pregnancy to evaluate the risk of certain congenital conditions in the fetus. It primarily helps assess the risk of specific chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.

The correct answer highlights that this screening is particularly effective in detecting neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, as well as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The markers measured during this screening include alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol (uE3). Abnormal levels of these markers can indicate an increased risk for these conditions, prompting further diagnostic testing or monitoring.

In contrast, the other options encompass conditions that are not detected through multiple marker screening. Gestational diabetes and hypertension are related to the mother's health and are typically managed through different screening assessments rather than through marker screening used for fetal abnormalities. Similarly, placenta previa and uterine fibroids pertain to structural or positioning issues within the uterus and are not detected through the serum markers analyzed in this screening. Lastly, ectopic pregnancies and molar pregnancies involve different reproductive complications that require ultrasound or other forms of diagnostic imaging rather than serum marker testing.