What test is used to assess congenital hip dysplasia in infants?

The Ortolani test is specifically designed to assess congenital hip dysplasia in infants. This maneuver involves abducting the infant's hips while applying gentle pressure to the greater trochanter. When a hip is dislocated, the Ortolani test allows for the relocation of the joint, which produces a characteristic 'clunk' sound as the femoral head returns to its correct position in the acetabulum. This test is crucial for early detection of hip dysplasia, enabling prompt intervention and treatment, which can significantly improve outcomes for the child.

While the Barlow test is also relevant in assessing hip instability, it focuses more on the dislocation aspect rather than the reduction, which is the primary insight provided by the Ortolani test. The Galeazzi test evaluates leg length discrepancies and is not a direct assessment of hip dysplasia. Finally, the hip extension test is not a standard assessment for congenital hip dysplasia and does not provide the same level of insight into hip joint stability or reduction.