What is the purpose of a correlational research design?

The purpose of a correlational research design is to examine the statistical relationship between two or more variables. This type of research focuses on identifying patterns and associations without manipulating the variables involved. Researchers use correlational designs to determine whether changes in one variable correspond with changes in another, thus identifying whether a relationship exists.

For instance, in a health context, a study might explore the relationship between physical activity levels and overall health outcomes. While the results can indicate whether a correlation exists—such as increased physical activity being associated with improved health—it does not imply that one variable causes changes in another. This design is fundamental in various fields to understand relationships and to generate hypotheses that can later be tested through more rigorous methods, such as experimental designs.