What is the primary function of the epididymis?

The primary function of the epididymis is to mature, store, and transport spermatozoa. Located at the back of each testis, the epididymis provides an environment for sperm to gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg.

As spermatozoa leave the testes, they are not yet capable of fertilization. The epididymis allows for the sperm to undergo maturation through several days of passage, where they gain the necessary changes to function properly. Additionally, it acts as a storage facility for mature sperm until ejaculation occurs, at which point sperm are transported from the epididymis through the vas deferens.

The other functions mentioned do not pertain to the epididymis itself. The production of male hormones is primarily a role of the testes, while seminal fluid is secreted by the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. Transporting sperm is a function of several structures within the male reproductive system, but the comprehensive role of maturation, storage, and transport uniquely characterizes the epididymis.