What is a potential risk associated with a 2 vessel umbilical cord?

A two-vessel umbilical cord is associated with an increased risk of various abnormalities, particularly in the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. This is because a two-vessel cord lacks one of the standard three vessels (which typically includes two arteries and one vein) that facilitate proper blood flow and nutrient delivery to the fetus. The absence of one artery can lead to inadequate perfusion and developmental issues, resulting in a higher likelihood of congenital anomalies.

Research indicates that fetuses with a two-vessel cord are at a greater risk of conditions such as renal agenesis, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, and potential cardiovascular defects, which is why option B correctly identifies the significant risks associated with this condition. These potential complications necessitate careful monitoring and management during pregnancy to address any identified issues promptly.