What is a central symptom of depression according to DSM-5 criteria?

Depressed mood or lack of interest is indeed a central symptom of depression as outlined in the DSM-5 criteria. In the context of major depressive disorder, individuals typically exhibit a pervasive feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness that lasts most of the day, nearly every day. Furthermore, anhedonia, characterized by a significant loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, is a core feature of depression. These symptoms directly impact daily functioning and can lead to various psychosocial issues.

In contrast, increased energy, enhanced focus, and excitability do not align with the depressive symptomology outlined in the DSM-5. Generally, individuals with depression may experience fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and a general decline in energy levels, which underscores why the symptom indicating low mood and lack of interest is central to the diagnosis. Understanding these criteria is crucial for accurate identification and treatment of mental health conditions in clinical practice.