What defines a herniated disc?

A herniated disc is primarily defined by the presence of radicular pain and paresthesias, which are symptoms resulting from compression or irritation of spinal nerves. When a disc between the vertebrae in the spine herniates, or bulges out of its normal space, it can impinge on nearby nerve roots. This impingement often leads to pain that radiates along the path of the affected nerve, known as radicular pain. Additionally, individuals may experience paresthesias, which are abnormal sensations such as tingling or numbness in the areas supplied by the affected nerve.

The correct answer emphasizes these key symptoms that are characteristic of a herniated disc, pointing to the nature of the condition's impact on nerve routes and overall spinal function. Understanding this defines the relationship between structural changes in the spine and the resulting neurological symptoms.