What characterizes a circumvallate placenta?

A circumvallate placenta is characterized by an opaque ring of tissue on the fetal side, which is the defining feature of this condition. This ring is formed by a thickened membrane that occurs when the fetal chorion becomes elevated around the edges of the placenta. Typically, this can lead to several potential complications, including placental abruption or fetal growth restriction, due to the abnormal attachment and functional implications of the placental tissues.

The condition results from abnormal folding of the membranes, and this creates a distinctive appearance on ultrasound, confirming the diagnosis. Understanding how this condition manifests helps healthcare providers monitor pregnancies more effectively for potential associated complications.